by Rachel Dworkin, archivist
During our Ghost Walk trivia contest I asked the contestants which war the Hiker Monument in Wisner Park was dedicated to. The answer is the Spanish-American War of 1898, but none of the contestants were able to guess that without first cycling through every American war. Some folks like to claim that the Korean War is America’s forgotten war, but after 10 seasons of MASH, I think we can all agree that the Spanish-American War is the one that no one can actually remember.  |
| Postcard of the Hiker Monument in Wisner Park |
So just what was the Spanish-American War and how did it start? The Spanish colony of Cuba had been rebelling against Spain on-and-off since the 1860s. In 1895, the third war for Cuban independence began. America, by and large, supported the rebels. Cuba was a major American trading partner and there was a strong desire among hawks to obtain a Caribbean military base. The Cuba Libre movement, centered around Florida and New York City, helped to provide money and smuggled weapons to the independence movement and while working hard to lobby the cause to the American public. President McKinley was reluctant to get involved militarily and instead tried to force a peaceful solution to the conflict. On November 15, 1897, Spain ratified autonomy decrees for Cuba and Puerto Rico, but it did little to quell unrest.
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| Elmira Telegram, April 4, 1898 |
And then came the sinking of the U.S.S. Maine in Havana Harbor on February 15, 1898. A series of riots had broken out in the city in early January and the ship had been sent to protect American shipping interests. The ship went down in an explosion which caused the deaths of 266 of the 355 crewmen, the causes of which are still unknown. Newspapers like Joseph Pulitzer’s New York World and William Hearst’s New York Journal claimed the explosion was Spanish plot and helped push the country towards war. When Congress officially declared war on April 25, 1898, “Remember the Maine” was the rallying cry.
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| Front page of the Elmira Telegram, May 1, 1898 |
Their first stop was Camp Black, Long Island where they were assigned to the First Battalion and re-designated as Company L. From there they went for training at Camp Alger in Virginia. The sanitary conditions at Camp Alger were so appalling that an epidemic of typhoid fever broke out among the men, killing several. Those not afflicted practiced marching, earning themselves the nickname of “The Hikers.” Meanwhile, the war in Cuba was doing so well the army decided to send the entire First Battalion home on September 12th. The men of Company L were officially mustered out December 10, 1898.
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| Company L men at Camp Alger, July 4, 1898 |
Hostilities in the Spanish-American War were officially halted on August 12, 1898, although the Battle of Manila ended up taking place the following day. After months of negotiations, the Treaty of Paris was signed on December 10, 1898 and ratified by Congress on February 6, 1899. As a result, Cuba became an independent nation and the United States gained the territories of Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines. Thanks to the Camp Alger disaster, they also learned a valuable lesson about sanitation. Following the war, the Army Medical Corps issued new regulations about sanitation standards which greatly reduced the loss of life due to disease in later wars.
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| Company L on the steps of City Hall, December 10, 1898 |